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what is the differences between linked and unlinked genes ?

w so2al kman

does all genes show independent assortment and why ?

7ad y2ole el model answer bta3et el so2al dah 3shan ana msh b3rf a3br 3no

what should i do to track down a new protein and DNA ???

Why in Eukaryotes the DNA size is not proportional with the number of genes?

any one answerrrrr

fkra 2bl el exam lma 2oltele 3leh ? mid-term
lma 2olte en el DNA feh Phosphure group but protein mfhosh mknte bt3mle 7aga b2a 3shan ttb3e el DNA wel protein

what is the differences between linked and unlinked genes ?
linked genes are carried on the same chromosome and are inherited together during meiosis
unlinked genes are carried on different chromosomes and distributed independently on the gametes during meiosis


does all genes show independent assortment and why ?
no,because genes are classified into two types linked genes and unlinked genes ,linked genes are carried on the same chromosome and are inherited together during meiosis and this doesnt show independent assortment

fol ya m3lm tmam awe kda
enta gbtohom mnen ? wla hya 2aletha fel lec.

lec1&2:slide 15 why the cell must be placed in a buffer solution

the buffer solution disrupts or damage the phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane) it reacts with the phosphate group in the cell membrane and this action's result would be all cell components will be realesed in the buffer.

weslt gazak allah 5ayrn

amen ya 7abiby w ba2e el muslmen

شكرا يا محمد شكرا يا مصطفي شكرا يا سميحة انا استفادت من الاسئلة والاجوبة وكلها حاجات مكنتش اعرفها ساعدتوني الحمد لله اني عرفتكم

3yza 23del 3la 7aga shokrof 2alha
bel nesba lel so2al bta3 el independent assortment:
2ool el kalam ely mostafa 2alo + genes might not show independent assortment as a result of mutations, or because the distance btween the genes is very small as a result of separation , i.e there must be a significant space btween genes after separation to show independent assortment

2nd, el so2al bta3 hw two track the DNA and protein? DNA contains phosphorus but proteins dont, and proteins contains sulpher, but DNA doesnt, therefore we can track them by using the radioactive isotopes of those elements
b3den b2a 3la el example bta3 el bacteriophage, say: scientists make an experiment, producing particles containing radioactive DNA by infecting E-coli bacteria that has been grown for generations, in a medium that included a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, and the collect the phage progeny((el phage dh ely hwa el bacteriophage wl progeny dh, ely homa ely etwalado b2a aw te3lo after reproduction)) and they did the same with proteins, but the medium was including radioactive isotope of sulpher, after this they infect non-radioactive cells with labeled DNA phage, after infection part of the phage remaining in the cells will be removed by violent ignition in a kitchen blender, then reproduction of the phage takes place, then the progeny phage is released after cell lysis, they found that DNA of the progeny phage, contain some labeled DNA from the parental phage, b3den te2ool nfs el klam dh bs infecting b2a with labeled proteins, bs fl 2a5er the progeny phage contains no labeled proteins from the parental phage, so we conclude that DNA of a parental phage is inherited by the progeny phage.

** parental phage, ely homa fl awal dola, el progeny phage dola el godad.
dih kanet my ans. fl exam lama s2l 3n experiment 23raf mnha en el DNA bytwaras, w ezay 3mlnalo track, katbt el klam dh + el rasma, n i got fl Question dh 30/30 e7l.

m3looma leek b2a
radioactive elements: they are elements which are alwayz active, because they have high amount of energy as a result of the increase in the # of its electrons
** we can determine if a substance is radioactive or not by a detector.
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